41. Philosophy Of Science: What Is Science? What is science? This is a reasonable question, but it isn't easy to provide a simple, definitive answer. There is no entity with the authority to define science. Coming up http://atheism.about.com/od/philosophyofscience/tp/ScienceDefinedPhilosophy.htm

zWASL=1;zGRH=1 zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Agnosticism / Atheism Agnosticism / Atheism Search Atheism Basics Critiquing Religion Life Without Gods ... Share w(x2+zWl+'?p=1" zT="18/1[N" rel="nofollow">Print') Free Atheism Newsletter! Sign Up Discuss in my Forum Philosophy of Science: What is Science? By Austin Cline , About.com Guide See More About: science vs. religion faith vs. reason What is science? This is a reasonable question, but it isn't easy to provide a simple, definitive answer. There is no entity with the authority to define science. Coming up with a proper definition of science is not unlike coming up with a proper definition of other human institutions, like religion or family: there is so much going on that long, complex books are written to explain it all - and still people disagree. In a real sense, science is what scientists do. There are disagreements among scientists and philosophers of science on the finer points, but many of the broader issues are usually agreed upon. Defining Science The definition of science poses some problems for people. Everyone seems to have an idea of what science is, but articulating it is difficult. Ignorance about science isn't a viable option, but unfortunately it's not too hard to find religious apologists spreading misunderstanding. Because science is best defined by scientific methodology, an accurate understanding of science also means understanding why science is superior to faith, intuition, or any other method of acquiring knowledge.

42. Web Philosophie /  Expressions-libres Textes personnels en philosophie et en sciences humaines. http://webphilosophie.free.fr

Page Philosophique du supplément Expressions-libres.org / Web Philosophie / 2002 /2003 http://www.expressions-libres.org Actualisée le :: Thème des Articles : Utopie ( entretien avec Christophe Conot) Communisme/Totalitarisme ( Compte-rendu de lecture) Heidegger Husserl ( Liens) Kant ( Bibliographie) Qu'est-ce que la Philosophie ? Deleuze /Guattari - extrait de A. Gramsci Préface emblématique ( Essai d'autocritique de F. Nietzsche Ressources électroniques Sciences : Séminaires ( Collège International de Philosophie) - Le problème de la Vérité: ( texte de Nietzsche 1883) Eco-sophie : Félix Guattari ( entretiens avec, explication de l'éco-sophie, site complet sur Guattari) Ecologie politiqu e :Jean Zin. Mémoire:Passé,présent,avenir ( histoire et philosophie du quatrième pouvoir) Karl Korsh ( liens,textes,articles,oeuvre à télécharger "marxisme et Philosophie") Utopie Entretien avec Christophe Conot ( 1) N.B: Bonjour Christophe Conot suite au débat sur Philoliste(2),je souhaitais que vous développiez le concept d'utopie qui selon vous serait une totalité...De ce fait,toute la Fiction littéraire peut-elle être considérée comme "utopie" ?

43. Kloof Booksellers Scholarly books from all times on the law, economics, history, philosophy and other sciences. http://www.dekloof.com/

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44. Science Timeline A chronology from the 7th millennium BC to the present day, with brief explanations of events in the history of western natural philosophy and sciences. http://www.sciencetimeline.net/

www.sciencetimeline.net presents marks in the evolution of western thinking about nature use checkboxes to select items you wish to download "The past only exists insofar as it is present in the records of today. And what those records are is determined by what questions we ask. There is no other history than that" (Wheeler 1982:24). ideas a priori idea et al "An evolution is a series of events that in itself is purely physical,a set of necessary occurrences in the world of space and time. An egg develops into a chick; a poet grows up from infancy; a nation emerges from barbarism; a planet condenses from a fluid state, and develops the life that for millions of years makes it so wonderous a place. Look upon all these things descriptively, and you shall see nothing but matter moving instant after instant, each containing in its full description the necessity of passing over into the next. Nowhere will there be, for descriptive science, any genuine novelty or any discontinuity admissible. But look at the whole appreciatively, historically, synthetically, as a musician listens to a symphony, as a spectator watches a drama. Now you shall have seen, in phenomenal form, a story" (Royce 1892:425). This remains a work in progress; your comments and suggestions are invited.

45. The History And Philosophy Of Science, Technology And Medicine Long list of internet resources in the field of the history of science. http://galileo.imss.firenze.it/~tsettle/index.html

La Storia e la Filosofia della Scienza, della Tecnologia e della Medicina The History and Philosophy of Science, Technology and Medicine Una Selezione di Siti Web e di altre Fonti A Selection of Web and other Sources A cura di: 20 July, 2010 Index Indice By way of Introduction The sites selected for this list conform loosely to criteria determined by the nature of the Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza and the students and scholars who have either visited it in Florence or have had reason to come to its Homepage. There is no attempt to provide a full listing of internet resources for the history of science or its many sister disciplines; it is hoped that the sources indicated will give access to that wider world. The Istituto is one of the main centers for those disciplines in Italy and Europe, and it provides several on-line services, including this one. The Museo has an important, specialized collection of scientific instruments and artifacts. Emphasized here, then, are Italian and European sites with related activities or interests. Emphasized also are sites which are the result of concerted efforts on the part of their designers to explore the use of the internet for serious research and teaching, wherever they may be in the world. Index A Titolo di Introduzione I siti selezionati in questo elenco si conformano ai criteri determinati dalle caratteristiche dell' Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza Indice Indice Index General History of Science Storia della Scienza Generale Other Sites of Interest Altri Siti d'Interesse Instruments Strumenti Soggetti Topics ... Discussion Lists GENERAL HISTORY of SCIENCE STORIA della SCIENZA GENERALE

46. International Union Of History And Philosophy Of Science - Division Of History O Information on the organization, together with a links page and listings of upcoming conferences. http://ppp.unipv.it/dhs

47. Spontaneous Order: Annals New York Academy Sciences (Swenson) Review of Rod Swenson's law of maximum entropy production and other key ideas on evolution, spontaneous order and selforganization http://philosophyofscience.org/

Download This Paper and Other Links Download .pdf copy of this paper Other links this author Advances in Human Ecology Ecological Psychology Entropy Law ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, vol. 901, pp. 311-319, 2000 Spontaneous Order, Autocatakinetic Closure, and the Development of Space-Time ROD SWENSON Center for the Ecological Study of Perception and Action, Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA Contact ABSTRACT: Over its 4.6 billion year history, the time-dependent behavior of planet Earth, from the origin and emergence of life to the explosive globalization of human culture today, shows the progressive and accelerating production of increasingly more highly ordered dynamic states. Understanding our place as both productions and producers in this rapidly accelerating global becoming is a requisite step to the meaningful grounding of virtually every other discipline, most particularly those disciplines relating to the endeavors and activities of humans themselves. Recent advances in the study of spontaneous ordering provide both a minimal ontological framework required for causally addressing such systems, and the nomological basis for understanding the ubiquitous or universal generic nature of such ordering itself. This paper briefly outlines the main points. INTRODUCTION Given the first law of thermodynamics, which in its deepest sense refers to the time-translation symmetry or continuity of all natural (known) processes, evolutionary or emergent processes can be understood as differentiations or time-asymmetric developments of (or out of) a continuum. The relationship between symmetry, broken symmetry, and what we may now refer to as the development of space-time, has been recognized in various forms; although not well understood from the time of the preSocratic dispute between the Parmenidean and Heraclitean schools. These matters have continued to occupy the attention of the deepest thinkers in modem times, from the likes of Spinoza and Leibniz to such otherwise apparently disparate thinkers as Spencer, Marx, and Engels. One could argue, that as a result of the development of space-time itself, we are in a far better position today to be able to understand these matters. The implications run deep across the disciplines (1-

48. University Of Melbourne Department of History and Philosophy of Science. With description of undergraduate and graduate programs and seminars. http://www.hps.unimelb.edu.au/

49. Philosophy Of Science Designed to meet the powerful demand for lifelong learning, The Great Courses is an intellectual engaging series of video and audio courses led by the world's best professors and http://www.teach12.com/ttcx/CourseDescLong2.aspx?cid=4100

50. Philosophy Of Science - Research And Read Books, Journals Philosophy Of Science Scholarly books, journals and articles Philosophy Of Science at Questia, world's largest online library and research service. Subscribe now and do better http://www.questia.com/library/philosophy-of-science.jsp

51. Church Of Virus Virus is a collection of mutually-supporting ideas (a meme-complex) encompassing philosophy, science, technology, politics, and religion. http://www.churchofvirus.org/

52. Philosophy Of Science | The Department Of Philosophy At The University Of Pennsy Penn has considerable strength in philosophy of science and related areas of science studies. We are especially strong in the philosophy of the life and social sciences, the http://www.phil.upenn.edu/research/science

@import "/modules/cck/content.css"; @import "/modules/node/node.css"; @import "/modules/system/defaults.css"; @import "/modules/system/system.css"; @import "/modules/user/user.css"; @import "/sites/all/modules/date/date.css"; @import "/sites/philosophy.sas.upenn.edu/modules/penncourse/penncourse.css"; @import "/modules/calendar/calendar.css"; @import "/modules/cck/fieldgroup.css"; @import "/sites/philosophy.sas.upenn.edu/themes/philosophy/style.css"; Calendar A-Z Index School of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania ... Research Philosophy of Science Penn has considerable strength in philosophy of science and related areas of science studies. We are especially strong in the philosophy of the life and social sciences, the relations between the history of philosophy and the history of science, and the history of the philosophy of science. Philosophy of the Natural Sciences and Mathematics Our faculty work on diverse topics in the philosophy of natural sciences, but areas of special interest interest include philosophy of biology (Weisberg),  psychology and vision (Camp, Hatfield, Schneider), learning theory (Bicchieri, Domotor, Weinstein), the history of biology and psychology (Detlefsen, Hatfield), and philosophy of chemistry (Weisberg). A number of faculty also work directly in areas of the natural and formal sciences including cognitive science (Bicchieri, Camp, Domotor, Hatfield, Schneider, Weinstein, Weisberg), evolutionary and ecological modeling (Bicchieri, Kimbrough, Weisberg), and computer science (Weinstein) . Domotor and Weisberg also work on many central topics of philosophy of science including explanation, the structure of theories, confirmation, and the social structure of science.

53. Program In History And Philosophy Of Science And Technology, Stanford University History and Philosophy of Science. http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/

About the Program The Program in History and Philosophy of Science and Technology at Stanford teaches students to examine the sciences, medicine and technology from myriad perspectives, conceptual, historical and social. Our community of scholars includes core faculty and students in History and Philosophy and affiliated members in Classics, Anthropology, English, Political Science, Communication and other disciplines. Together, we draw upon the multiple methods of our disciplines to study the development, functioning, applications and social and cultural engagements of the sciences. Stanford's Program in History and Philosophy of Science and Technology is a collaborative enterprise of the Departments of History and Philosophy. Each department has its own undergraduate and graduate degree programs in this area, but these overlap and interact in several ways. First, because of the interdisciplinary structure of requirements, students who come into the program through each department take courses and work with faculty in the other. This helps to create a single community of students and faculty, as does the colloquium series , which brings everyone together regularly throughout the year. The faculty from the two departments also team-teach core courses in which students do joint coursework, and the graduate students conduct joint activities including an annual conference

54. Center For Philosophy Of Science ::: Home Dedicated to promoting scholarship, research, and publication in its field posts academic publications, programs, event schedule, and history. At the University of Pittsburgh. http://www.pitt.edu/~pittcntr/

home ::: about ::: news ::: links ... ::: photo album ::: center home latest We are celebrating 50 years of the Annual Lecture Series Speakers this month are: Nikolay Milkov, Paul Humphreys, and John D. Norton. See calendar for details. The Center for Philosophy of Science seeks applications from scholars in philosophy of science for a fellowship in philosophy of risk for the academic year 2011-2012. For details . . . Who's visiting now? So, what's it like? interested in visiting? Through its Visiting Fellows Program, the Center invites philosophers of science to work in the Center for a term or a year. ::: more center for PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE University of Pittsburgh 817 Cathedral of Learning Pittsburgh, PA 15260 Phone: (412) 624-1052 Fax: (412) 624-3895 E-mail: pittcntr@pitt.edu Revised

55. Centre For Logic And Philosophy Of Science Centre for Logic and Philosophy of Science. http://logica.ugent.be/centrum/

56. Philosophy Of Science - Tribe.net The title explains it all http://philosophyofscience.tribe.net/

57. ElGordillo A conservative weblog by David Gillies covering world politics, evolution, and philosophy of science. http://elgordillo.blogspot.com/

ElGordillo Tuesday, October 05, 2004 Rathergate and Syllogisms Some people, notably the lackwits at this site , are still going on as if Prof. David Hailey's risible hack job on the Rather/Burkett/CBS memos hasn't been busted wide open by Kevin and Paul at Wizbang . But let's throw some formal logic at Hailey's hypothesis. From what I understand, he's played about with some sort of typewriter font in Photoshop and concluded that because (in his opinion) he can resurrect the metrics of a long-dead typewriter font via...I don't know, a Ouija board...that the Bush TANG memos were typed. OK, OK, laughable on its face. Charles Johnson and Jeff Harrell have already disposed of this from an Occam's Razor point of view. Dr. Joseph Newcomer's work has been dispositive (and the interest in it appears to have taken his site down pro tem ). But let's say that there existed some magic word-processing typewriter five years before Erik Estrada got the casting call to play Ponch in 'CHiPs'. Now in formal logic there's a thing called modus ponens . It's a syllogism. It says. "if A then B A , therefore B . No argument there. But it has an evil twin, known as

58. Philosophy Of Science | The Department Of Philosophy At The University Of Pennsy Philosophy of Biology (OrganismEnvironment Interactions, Methods for testing Niche Construction) Philosophy of Science. Philosophy of the Social Sciences http://www.phil.upenn.edu/taxonomy/term/10

@import "/modules/cck/content.css"; @import "/modules/node/node.css"; @import "/modules/system/defaults.css"; @import "/modules/system/system.css"; @import "/modules/user/user.css"; @import "/sites/all/modules/date/date.css"; @import "/sites/philosophy.sas.upenn.edu/modules/penncourse/penncourse.css"; @import "/modules/calendar/calendar.css"; @import "/modules/cck/fieldgroup.css"; @import "/sites/all/modules/images/contrib/image_attach/image_attach.css"; @import "/sites/philosophy.sas.upenn.edu/themes/philosophy/style.css"; Calendar A-Z Index School of Arts and Sciences University of Pennsylvania ... Home Philosophy of Science Emily Parke Bioethics Philosophy of Biology Philosophy of Science eparke (at) sas.upenn.edu Office Hours: Monday 12:00-1:00 and Thursday 1:00-2:00 (Cohen 403) Research Interests: - Philosophy of biology - Philosophy of science - Bioethics Previous Degrees: BA (2004), Philosophy, Reed College 1 attachment Alkistis Elliott-Graves Philosophy of Biology Philosophy of Science ... Philosophy of the Social Sciences alkistis@sas.upenn.edu Office Hours: Tuesday 4-6pm Research Interests: Philosophy of Biology (Organism-Environment Interactions, Methods for testing Niche Construction)

59. Papers To Be Presented At PSA'98 Conference resources from the Sixteenth Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association. http://scistud.umkc.edu/psa98/papers/

Through this page we make available in .pdf format many of the papers to be presented at PSA '98. Included are all contributed papers and those symposium papers whose authors have so far provided us with electronic versions of their manuscripts. To read .pdf files on your computer, you will need to have installed the free Acrobat Reader Once you have downloaded and installed Acrobat Reader, select the paper you wish to read by clicking on the author's name. Home Info Program Register Online ... Abstracts "Do We See Through a Social Microscope?: Credibility as a Vicarious Selector" Douglas Allchin, University of Texas at El Paso Abstract Manuscript "The Dogma of Isomorphism: A Case Study From Speech Perception" Irene Appelbaum, University of Montana Abstract Manuscript "The Curve Fitting Problem: A Bayesian Rejoinder" Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay and Robert J. Boik, Montana State University Abstract Manuscript "Bell's Theorem, Non-Separability and Space-Time Individuation in Quantum Mechanics" Darrin W. Belousek, University of Notre Dame Abstract Manuscript "Why Physical Symmetries?"

60. Philosophy Of Science, By Roger Jones Philosophy of Science, Introduction to Philosophy since the Enlightenment by Roger Jones http://www.philosopher.org.uk/sci.htm

Philosophy of science Science vs. Religion, from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment The shift in the western mind from the medieval to the modern was underpinned by the growth of science. However a two hundred year long intellectual battle was to take place between the established Church and the emerging empiricism, before the Enlightenment could flourish. Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) challenged the view that the Earth was at the centre of the universe. He suggested that the observational evidence would be better explained by the theory that the earth orbited the sun. Francis Bacon (1561-1626) argued for the use of experiment rather than deduction as a means to increase knowledge. Johannes Kepler's (1571-1630) employment of observation and mathematics enabled him to supplant the Pythagorean (ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras' (c. 530 BC)) theories of perfect heavenly spheres by showing how planets moved in ellipses. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was placed under house arrest for agreeing with Copernicus. Despite resistance from the religious authorities, the success of science in explaining and predicting the natural world could not be ignored. René Descartes (1596-1650) thought he had found a rational foundation for science based on his arguments for his own existence and the existence of god. God, he argued, would not deceive our senses. This felicitous reconciliation between Cartesian rationalism, a belief in God and the support for empiricism did not survive for long.

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