61. Propulsion - Wikiversity propulsion means to add speed or acceleration to an object, by an engine or other similar device. The word 'propulsion' can be used with many other words (such as jet, rocket http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Propulsion

Propulsion From Wikiversity Jump to: navigation search Propulsion means to add speed or acceleration to an object, by an engine or other similar device. The word 'propulsion' can be used with many other words (such as jet, rocket, spacecraft) to become-'jet propulsion', 'rocket propulsion', or 'space craft propulsion' etc. Spacecraft propulsion is used to change the velocity of spacecraft and artificial satellites. There are many different methods. Each method has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion is an active area of research. Most spacecraft today are propelled by heating a reaction mass to high temperatures and exhausting it from the back/rear of the vehicle at very high speed. This sort of engine is called a rocket engine. All current spacecraft use chemical rockets (bipropellant or solid-fuel) for launch, though some (such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne) have used air-breathing engines on their first stage. Most satellites have simple reliable chemical rockets (often monopropellant rockets) or resistojet rockets to keep their station, although some use momentum wheels for attitude control. Newer geo-orbiting spacecraft are starting to use electric propulsion for north-south stationkeeping. Interplanetary vehicles mostly use chemical rockets as well, although a few have experimentally used ion thrusters (a form of electric propulsion) with some success. edit Necessity Artificial satellites must be launched into orbit, and once there they must be placed in their nominal orbit. Once in the desired orbit, they often need some form of altitude control so that they are correctly pointed with respect to the Earth, the Sun, and possibly some astronomical object of interest. They are also subject to drag from the thin atmosphere, so that to stay in orbit for a long period of time some form of propulsion is occasionally necessary to make small corrections (orbital stationkeeping). Many satellites need to be moved from one orbit to another from time to time, and this also requires propulsion. When a satellite has exhausted its ability to adjust its orbit, its useful life is over.

62. IRS: Research & Development D Research carried out by the Institute of Space Systems. Also contains a good overview of the various types of electric propulsion. http://www.irs.uni-stuttgart.de/RESEARCH/fe_f200e.html

IRS Homepage Deutsche Version Institute for Space Systems Research Field: Electric Propulsion and Plasma Wind Tunnel Technology Development of plasmadynamic rocket thrusters of all performance leves between o.5 kW and 1 MW. Ample numerical codes are plotted, arcjet instabilities are investigated and cathode erosion mechanisms are researched for the construction of these arcjet thrusters. Preparation of the arcjet thrusters' flight mission. ( ATOS on a P3D satellite / with Ariane 502) In five plasma wind tunnels , all equipped with thermal and magnetoplasmadynamic sources, the thermal conditions during the reentry of a space craft into the Earth's atmosphere or into the atmosphere of other celestial bodies can be simulated. The catalytic investigations of thermal protection materials can be carried out in the inductively heated plasma wind tunnel PWK3 . Development and qualification of measuring devices for space gliders and return capsules. Theoretical, numerical model construction of the plasma wind tunnel simulation for the development of new diagnostic and calculation procedures. Development of plasma sources for material processing and chemical process control.

63. JSF.mil > Program > Organization > Propulsion An overview of the F35 Joint Strike Fighter Program organization, international team, and field activities. http://www.jsf.mil/program/prog_org_propulsion.htm

Home Program Leadership F-35 ... Legal The F135 is currently in the SDD phase. The F135 is using the lessons learned from the F119 engine core and the JSF119 during the CDA stage to reduce risk in SDD. During SDD the F135 test engines will undergo a range of ground and flight tests to simulate various mission profiles. In these tests the system demonstration engines will be run for hours throughout various flight envelopes to ensure they meet performance requirements. One of the vital milestone tests occured at the end of 2003 with the first F135 engine to test. The first CTOL F135 engine test occurred on 11 October 2003. The First STOVL F135 engine test occurred on 14 April 2004. To date over 2,000 hours have been accumulated on the F135 test engines. The GE Rolls-Royce Fighter Engine Team (FET) F136 engine is currently in its Phase III, Pre-SDD portion of the program. The objective of the F136 Pre-SDD phase is to match engine design as closely as possible to that of the final aircraft configuration, thereby minimizing changes and keeping pace with evolving aircraft demands prior to entering SDD. The F136 engine consists of a 3-stage fan, 5-stage compressor, a 3-stage low-pressure turbine section, single stage high-pressure turbine, and a radial augmentor.

64. Plasmadynamics & Electric Propulsion Laboratory (PEPL) Researching electric space propulsion with the goal of increased efficiency and better understanding of spacecraft integration issues. http://pepl.engin.umich.edu/

65. TrailerBoats.com - Propulsion Founded in 1971, Trailer Boats is a national print magazine dedicated to the hardcore boating enthusiast, with articles on trailerable boats, marine propulsion, maintenance http://www.trailerboats.com/section.cfm?sectionid=315

66. Advanced Space Propulsion Study - ANTIPROTON ANNIHILATION PROPULSION A look at the properties of antimatter and its manufacture, storage and use. http://www.transorbital.net/Library/D001_S01.html

Advanced Space Propulsion Study - Antiproton and Beamed Power Propulsion AFAL TR-87-070 R. L. Forward ANTIPROTON ANNIHILATION PROPULSION A major new form of propulsion has just graduated from thenever-never land of science fiction and has now become a serioustopic for scientific and engineering investigation. In the pastit was called antimatter propulsion, but to emphasize thedifference between past fiction and present reality, I prefer tocall it antiproton annihilation propulsion, for the use of antiprotons as the form of the antimatter is crucial tothe use of antimatter for propulsion. PROPERTIES OF ANTIMATTER For every particle known to exist, there is a mirror imagetwin particle that has its charge, spin, and quantum statesreversed from that of normal particles. As shown in Figure 1 ,the stable particles that make up atomselectrons, protons, andneutronshave mirror twins called positrons, antiprotons, andantineutrons. Conceptually, these could be combined to formantiatoms, such as antihydrogen. When a particle comes near its antiparticle, they attracteach other and annihilate each other totally converting all oftheir rest mass into energy. When positrons and electronsannihilate they produce gamma rays, which are difficult toconvert to thrust. On the contrary, when antiprotons annihilatewith protons, the annihilation process does NOT produce gammarays immediately. Instead, the products of the annihilation arefrom three to seven particles called pions. On the average thereare three charged pions and two neutral pions. The neutral pionshave a very short lifetime and almost immediately convert intotwo high energy gamma rays. The charged pions have a normalhalf-life or 28 ns. Because they are moving at 94% of the speedof light, however, their lives are lengthened to 70 ns. Thus,they travel an average of 21 m before they decay. These chargedpions contain 60% of the annihilation energy.

67. HSF - Propulsion Technology Advanced Space propulsion Laboratory. propulsion Newton's Rocket. by Dr. Franklin ChangDiaz. Principle. The basic principles of rocket http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/support/researching/aspl/propulsion.html

var firstLevel = ''; ASPL: Home VASIMR Plasma Simulations ... Reference Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory PROPULSION Newton's Rocket by Dr. Franklin Chang-Diaz Principle The basic principles of rocket propulsion stem from Newton's 3rd law of motion. The so-called law of action and reaction. A rocket propels itself by expelling material at high velocity, in the opposite direction to its motion. The material is usually a gas and the heat of a chemical reaction generally imparts the velocity. The heat builds pressure in a combustion chamber and is converted to exhaust velocity by the action of a properly designed nozzle. The principle is quite general and applies equally well to the motion of a simple garden sprinkler as it does to the powerful engines of the space shuttle. A Family Tree for Rocket Propulsion The mechanism for imparting energy to the exhaust is not always a chemical reaction. In fact, numerous approaches exist, giving rise to a family tree of rocket propulsion, which features many

68. NASA Antimatter And Fusion For Rocket Propulsion Fusion-antimatter hybrid space propulsion systems for fast transport to Mars and beyond. http://www.science.nasa.gov/newhome/headlines/prop12apr99_1.htm

69. Propulsion Synonyms, Propulsion Antonyms | Thesaurus.com noun force. Synonyms drive , effort , energy , full head of steam, horsepower, impulse , momentum , muscle , power , pressure , punch , push , speed , steam, strength http://thesaurus.com/browse/propulsion

70. HowStuffWorks "How Fusion Propulsion Will Work" Shows how building a fusion-powered spacecraft would be equivalent of developing a car on Earth that can travel twice as fast as any car with a fuel efficiency of 7,000 miles per gallon. http://www.howstuffworks.com/fusion-propulsion.htm

HSW.sm.loadPageInfo(9113); OAS_AD('TopBanner'); HowStuffWorks Search HowStuffWorks and the web Video Podcasts Blogs Quizzes Games RSS Adventure Animals Auto Culture ... Next Page How Fusion Propulsion Will Work by Kevin Bonsor Print Cite Feedback ... Recommend Cite This! Close Please copy/paste the following text to properly cite this HowStuffWorks article: Inside this Article Introduction to How Fusion Propulsion Will Work What is Fusion? Flying on Fusion Power Lots More Information ... See all Future Space articles The Space Shuttle Videos Humans have landed on the moon several times, and flying into Earth orbit today seems routine. Space is even a long-term settlement to some astronauts onboard the International Space Station . However, when you think of the size of our solar system, not to mention the universe, we have just taken baby steps into space. In order to go to Mars and other planets that are out of the reach of conventional rocket engines NASA is developing several advanced propulsion systems, including one that harnesses the power of the sun Photo courtesy NASA Artist's concept of a fusion-powered space vehicle approaching the Saturn moon Titan Basically, fusion-powered spacecraft are designed to recreate the same types of high-temperature reactions that occur in the core of the sun. The enormous energy created from those reactions is expelled from the engine to provide thrust. Using this type of propulsion system, a spacecraft could speed to Mars in just about three months. It would take conventional rockets at least seven months to reach Mars.

71. Lange Aviation - Arcus E - Propulsion Home of Lange Aviation and the Antares propulsion . The propulsion system was developed especially for self launch capable high performance gliders. http://lange-aviation.com/htm/english/products/arcus_e/propulsion.html

Company Products News Media ... FAQ Propulsion The propulsion system was developed especially for self launch capable high performance gliders. This results in a high climb rate, a very high attainable climb altitude and very low noise emission. Great performance is only one aspect of this electrical propulsion system, amongst the others one finds impressive motor parameters, high system reliability, and intuitive, blind controllable and highly responsive motor controls. The propulsion system has been flying in the Antares 20E since 2003, has in this period collected more than 10 000 flight hours, impressivly proving its performance and reliability. The motor Named EM42, the motor is currently the only EASA certified electric aircraft motor in existence. It is an brushless fixed-shaft electric motor running on DC-DC current. Running at 190 - 288 Volt, and pulling up to 160 Ampere, the motor can deliver up to 42kW. With a total efficiency of 90% and a maximum torque of 216 Nm, the motor is exceptional not only within aviation. By using relatively few high quality components, risk of failure is minimized. The propulsion system causes very little vibration. This avoids vibration related problems, thereby increasing total system reliability.

72. Beacon ESpace enter propulsion into search and get 100+ reports http://techreports.jpl.nasa.gov/

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73. ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPULSION SYSTEM - FURTHER DETAILS TO THE STARS BY ELECTROMAGNETIC propulsion Starships, spaceships to the stars will shortly be a practical possibility, using a variety of designs now being developed. http://www.mtjf.demon.co.uk/antigravp2.htm

TO THE STARS BY ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPULSION Starships, spaceships to the stars will shortly be a practical possibility, using a variety of designs now being developed. Our scientists and engineers have this ability; hopefully the initiative and finance will follow shortly. Various "clubs" and societies now exist to do this:- (a) INTERSTELLAR PROPULSION SOCIETY Space Propulsion Department, AEA Technology U.K. (and USA) Paul Latham, Manager. (b) Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology IEEE Transactions on Magnetics Vol. 25 No.1 Jan 1989 (c) THE MILLENNIAL PROJECT Electromagnetic Launcher P.O. Box 347, Rifle, Colorado 81650, U.S A. (d) PROJECT MAGNET Magnetic Propulsion Box 839, 9037 Royal Street, Fort Langley, British Columbia, Canada and many others. Man's journey to the stars began when Armstrong and Aldrin first reached the moon on 24th December 1968. This was by a chemical three stage Saturn V rocket. Since then very little has been done. Bill Berry (head of the propulsion unit at the E.S.A. research centre in the Netherlands) and Paul Latham both suggest electric propulsion systems will be used in future propulsion systems. This article describes a method of converting electrical power into a propulsive force that potentially generates a large propulsive thrust. In this machine thrust is produced (by rotating and reciprocating masses, solenoids on ferrous rods) in three ways:-

74. NASA - Emerging Possibilities For Space Propulsion Breakthroughs Article by Marc G. Millis ,originally published in the Interstellar propulsion Society Newsletter, Vol. I, No. 1, July 1, 1995. http://www.nasa.gov/centers/glenn/technology/warp/ipspaper.html

75. Marine Propulsion Inc - Home Page - Propelling You Beyond The 21st Century Marine propulsion Inc has been a provider of propulsion equipment for the marine industry, world wide, for over 26 years. http://marinepropulsion.net/

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76. Propulsion Campagne Management Software Wilt u meer leads genereren en uiteindelijk meer klanten werven met uw direct marketing campagnes? Wij verbeteren het rendement van direct marketing. http://www.propulsion.nl/

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77. Diver Propulsion Vehicle - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Article covering types of DPV, their uses and some links to manufacturers sites. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diver_propulsion_vehicle

Diver propulsion vehicle From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding reliable references . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed (February 2009) Diver using a DPV for underwater propulsion Two U.S. Marines of the MSPF operating a Diver Propulsion Device (DPD) - Manufactured by STIDD Systems. A diver propulsion vehicle DPV , also known as an underwater propulsion vehicle or underwater scooter ) is an item of diving equipment used by scuba and rebreather divers to increase range underwater. Range is restricted by the amount of breathing gas that can be carried, the rate at which that breathing gas is consumed under exertion, and the time limits imposed by the dive tables to avoid decompression sickness . DPV's can have military application; an example is the Diver Propulsion Device (DPD) from STIDD Systems in the US. A DPV usually consists of a battery -powered electric motor , which drives a propeller . The design must ensure that: the propeller is caged so that it cannot harm the diver

78. Propulsion Creative Why You Need a Copywriter As the owner of a business, we know that you need to promote a product or service in order to attract customers. Customers = money for you, and it’s http://propulsioncreative.com/

HOME About Us Services Portfolio ... Copywriting: the use of words to promote a person, a business, an opinion or an idea. (source: Wikipedia.org). Copywriter: a writer of copy, esp. for advertisements or publicity releases. (source: dictionary.com) Testimonial: “We LOVE Propulsion’s work! They know how to write and get sales!” Why You Need a Copywriter As the owner of a business, we know that you need to promote a product or service in order to attract customers. Customers = money for you, and it’s what keeps you in business. Choosing a Copywriter Now that you know how a copywriter can help you achieve your business goals, it’s essential that you choose a good copywriter to work with. Here are some really helpful tips to help you find a professional to help you with your copywriting project. About Us Established in 2003, Propulsion Creative and its team of passionate copywriters has been helping small to medium businesses worldwide grow with effective copywriting and entertaining editorial. Propulsion Creative About Us Services Testimonials ... Contact Us

79. SPS Portal Page Space propulsion using patented technologies for commercial and military launch vehicles, satellites, and spacecraft using advanced manufacturing processes. http://www.sps.aero

80. Propulsion Produced External Magnetic Field is suggested to propel Earth, space ships and produce electricity, representing Renewable Alternative Energy based on New Physics emerged from http://www.exmfpropulsions.com/

Shuttle! Today Welcome to The E xternal M agnetic F ield P ropulsion S ystem Hopefully NFO Tomorrow Relation with University of Nairobi Propulsion ... ExMF-PS At present, our planet is passing through one of its critical period, an era through which future life shape and continuation will be determined by our ability to overcome foresight challenges. These challenges caused among others by present energy cycles, from over-consumption to continuous carbon dioxide dumping in environment, in an accelerated manner. The fossil fuel cycle, as it caused future threats to life continuations ( Green house effects ), it also represents one of the major factor that may have great influence on worldwide economy destiny. To avert possible shakes in world developments, present human race required to behave responsibly, among which overcoming present acute differences and greedy, with general goals aiming at continuation of moderate comfortable life on this planet, and for all. These goal, as targeted by researches centers, in developed countries, they should be expected to represents a focal point for some researchers in developing countries; thus one of the most urgent challenges facing present civilization is " how to discover the Alternative Renewable Energy " (

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