1. Radiometric Dating - CreationWiki, The Encyclopedia Of Creation Science A CreationWiki site with an explanation of radiometric dating methods and criticisms of these methods. http://creationwiki.org/Radiometric_dating

SERVER UPGRADE COMPLETE! Please consider supporting this site Radiometric dating From CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science Jump to: navigation search Mass spectrometer used to determine the proportions of isotopes contained in a sample of igneous rock Radiometric dating utilizes the decay rates of certain radioactive atoms to date rocks or artifacts. Uniformitarian geologists consider this form of dating strong evidence that the Earth is billions of years old. But new research by creationists has revealed a large number of problems with radiometric dating . In some cases such as Carbon-14 dating , radioactive dating actually gives strong evidence for a young Earth . Other methods such as Potassium-argon dating and Isochron dating are based on faulty assumptions and so unreliable as to be useless. Contents Basic principles Assumptions Challenging the assumption of original composition "Calibration" and disregarding "Out of Place Fossils" ... Responses to Anticreationists Basic principles Parent and daughter isotopes commonly used to establish ages of rocks. Many atoms (or elements ) exist as numerous varieties called isotopes , some of which are radioactive , meaning they decay over time by losing particles. Radiometric dating is based on the decay rate of these isotopes into stable nonradioactive isotopes. To date an object, scientists measure the quantity of parent and daughter isotope in a sample, and use the atomic decay rate to determine its possible age.

2. Radiometric Dating - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Radiometric dating (often called radioactive dating) is a technique used to date materials such as rocks, usually based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometric_dating

Radiometric dating From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Radiometric dating (often called radioactive dating ) is a technique used to date materials such as rocks, usually based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope and its decay products, using known decay rates. It is the principal source of information about the absolute age of rocks and other geological features, including the age of the Earth itself, and can be used to date a wide range of natural and man-made materials. Together with stratigraphic principles , radiometric dating methods are used in geochronology to establish the geological time scale Among the best-known techniques are radiocarbon dating potassium-argon dating and uranium-lead dating . By allowing the establishment of geological timescales, it provides a significant source of information about the ages of fossils and the deduced rates of evolutionary change. Radiometric dating is also used to date archaeological materials, including ancient artifacts.

3. Radiometric Dating Summary And Analysis Summary | BookRags.com Radiometric dating summary with 18 pages of lesson plans, quotes, chapter summaries, analysis, encyclopedia entries, essays, research information, and more. http://www.bookrags.com/Radiometric_dating

4. Radiometric Dating The Mathematics of Evolution. This book provides a mathematical, logical, DNAoriented analysis of Darwin's theory of evolution and concludes that the theory of evolution is http://www.mathematicsofevolution.com/ChaptersMath/Chapter_080__Radiometric_Dati

Introduction to the Mathematics of Evolution Chapter 8 Radiometric Dating " Arizona State University anthropologist Geoffrey Clark echoed this view in 1997 when he wrote that 'we select among alternative sets of research conclusions in accordance with our biases and preconceptions a process that is, at once, both political and subjective.' Clark suggested 'that paleoanthropology has the form but not the substance of a science." Icons of Evolution - Science or Myth? Jonathan Wells, page 223 Introduction Dating of bones, fossils, rocks and other items is a very controversial issue. To understand just how controversial it is, the same fossil might be dated by the evolutionists to be hundreds of millions of years old ; yet the same fossil might be dated by creation scientists as being no more than 6 thousand years old Radiometric dating is the process by which bones or fossils are "dated," meaning an estimated date is chosen as to when the animal lived and died on the earth. In the case of fossils; which are essentially bones that have fossilized, meaning turned to stone; fossils are generally dated on the basis of factors other than radiometric dating; such as a particular date may be chosen for a fossil because the date is consistent with aspects of the theory of evolution In other words, in dating fossils it is quite common that

5. Radiometric Dating Problems - CreationWiki, The Encyclopedia Of Creation Science Processes or Time. To date rocks or other objects, scientists typically use radiometric dating. In short, the ratio of radioactive and stable isotopes in the sample are http://creationwiki.org/Radiometric_dating_problems

SERVER UPGRADE COMPLETE! Please consider supporting this site Radiometric dating problems From CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science Jump to: navigation search Contents Processes or Time Uinkaret Plateau Isotopic Fractionation Formation of sample ... See Also Processes or Time To date rocks or other objects, scientists typically use radiometric dating . In short, the ratio of radioactive and stable isotopes in the sample are determined and the measured rate at which the isotopes decay is used as an indicator of the age of the sample. However, it is typically unknown and simply assumed whether these ratios of elements are the result of radioactive decay over time or other processes that have taken place in the rock. Uinkaret Plateau Ages of Rocks in Millions of Years K-Ar Rb-Sr Rb-Sr Isochron Pb-Pb Isochron Sometimes different methods used on the same rock produce different ages. Furthermore, the same method can produce different ages on different parts of the same rock. Sometimes these are close but other times they are very different. Isotopic Fractionation Isotopic Fractionation is a physical separation of isotopes and a non-radioactive source of isotope ratios. It can be caused by heating and cooling, water flow, contact between high and low concentration magma and just normal molecular motion. Evidence for Isotopic Fractionation does show up in isotopic data so it is a factor that needs to be considered.

6. Radiometric Dating - Simple English Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Radiometric dating (often called radioactive dating) is a technique used to date materials. The method compares the amount of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope and its http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometric_dating

Radiometric dating From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation search Ale's Stones at Kåseberga, around ten kilometres south east of Ystad Sweden were dated at 600 AD using the Carbon–14 method on organic material found at the site. Radiometric dating (often called radioactive dating ) is a technique used to date materials. The method compares the amount of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope and its decay products, in samples . The method uses known decay rates. It is the main source of information about the age of rocks and other geological features, including the age of the Earth itself. It may be used to date a wide range of natural and man-made materials. Fossils may be dated by taking samples of suitable rocks from strata above and below the fossil's original position. Radiometric dating is also used to date archaeological materials, including ancient artifacts. Radiometric dating methods are used to establish the geological time scale Among the best-known techniques are radiocarbon dating potassium-argon dating and uranium-lead dating Contents Radioactive decay The age equation Preconditions References ... change Radioactive decay All ordinary matter is made up of combinations of chemical elements , each with its own atomic number , indicating the number of protons in the atomic nucleus . Elements exist in different isotopes , with each isotope of an element differing in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. A particular isotope of a particular element is called a

7. Radiometric Dating: Facts, Discussion Forum, And Encyclopedia Article Radiometric dating (often called radioactive dating) is a technique used to date materials such as rocks , usually based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Radiometric_dating

Home Discussion Topics Dictionary ... Login Radiometric dating Radiometric dating Topic Home Discussion Discussion Ask a question about ' Radiometric dating Start a new discussion about ' Radiometric dating Answer questions from other users Full Discussion Forum Encyclopedia Radiometric dating (often called radioactive dating ) is a technique used to date materials such as rocks , usually based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a naturally occurring radioactive isotope Isotope Isotopes are different types of atoms of the same chemical element, each having a different number of neutrons. In a corresponding manner, isotopes differ in mass number but never in atomic number. The number of protons is the same because that is what characterizes a chemical element... and its decay products, using known decay rates. It is the principal source of information about the absolute age of rocks and other geological features, including the age of the Earth Age of the Earth The age of the Earth is around 4.54 billion years This age has been determined by radiometric age dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples... itself, and can be used to date a wide range of natural and man-made materials. Together with

8. Radiometric Dating | Ask.com Encyclopedia Radiometric dating (often called radioactive dating) is a technique used to date materials such as rocks, usually based on a comparison between the observed abundance of a http://www.ask.com/wiki/Radiometric_dating?qsrc=3044

9. Radiometric Dating - Paleontology Wiki Radiometric dating is a technique used to date materials based on a knowledge of the decay rates of naturally occurring isotopes, and the current abundances. It is our http://paleontology.wikia.com/wiki/Radiometric_dating

Wikia Skip to Content Skip to Wiki Navigation Skip to Site Navigation Wikia Navigation Start a wiki Entertainment Fall TV Glee ... Paleontology Wiki Paleontology Wiki Navigation Popular pages Dinosaur List of dinosaurs Allosaurus ... Forum Random Page Wiki Activity Watchlist Recent changes Talk Radiometric dating Login to edit Read more: Radiometric dating Edited by Captgoro View full history Radiometric dating is a technique used to date materials based on a knowledge of the decay rates of naturally occurring isotopes , and the current abundances. It is our principal source of information about the age of the Earth and a significant source of information about rates of evolutionary change. Various methods exist differing in accuracy, cost and applicable time scale. Contents Fundamentals of radiometric dating The age equation Limitation of techniques Modern dating techniques ... External links Fundamentals of radiometric dating All ordinary matter is made up of combinations of chemical elements , each with its own atomic number , indicating the number of protons in the atomic nucleus . Additionally, elements may exist in different

10. Radiometric Dating Prior to 1905 the best and most accepted age of the Earth was that proposed by Lord Kelvin based on the amount of time necessary for the Earth to cool to its present http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/eens211/radiometric_dating.htm

EENS 211 Earth Materials Tulane University Prof. Stephen A. Nelson Radiometric Dating Prior to 1905 the best and most accepted age of the Earth was that proposed by Lord Kelvin based on the amount of time necessary for the Earth to cool to its present temperature from a completely liquid state. Although we now recognize lots of problems with that calculation, the age of 25 my was accepted by most physicists, but considered too short by most geologists. Then, in 1896, radioactivity was discovered. Recognition that radioactive decay of atoms occurs in the Earth was important in two respects: It provided another source of heat, not considered by Kelvin, which would mean that the cooling time would have to be much longer. It provided a means by which the age of the Earth could be determined independently. Principles of Radiometric Dating Radioactive decay is described in terms of the probability that a constituent particle of the nucleus of an atom will escape through the potential (Energy) barrier which bonds them to the nucleus. The energies involved are so large, and the nucleus is so small that physical conditions in the Earth (i.e. T and P) cannot affect the rate of decay. The rate of decay or rate of change of the number N of particles is proportional to the number present at any time, i.e.

11. Radiometric Dating - EvoWiki Radiometric dating methods (i.e. isochron, concordia/discordia, etc) exploit the useful fact that radioactive atoms decay in accordance with a highly regular function 50% of any http://wiki.cotch.net/index.php/Radiometric_dating

EvoWiki needs a new home before Nov 8*. EvoWiki needs a server with PHP and MySql. Its database, excluding uploaded image files, is currently 511MB, though this includes old page versions that could be compressed or archived. Page views are rarely outside of the 500-2000 per day range. If you can help, email joe at cotch dot net. * Don't panic! The database backups will of course always be safe and available to anybody who asks me; but the current server will retire in Nov. Update: Have your say on proposals for hosting by / merger into RationalWiki make comments at the RW Forum, or confidential comments by email to Joe, by Sunday 3 Oct. Radiometric dating From EvoWiki Jump to: navigation search See Radiometric dating in Wikipedia , the free encyclopedia. Radiometric dating methods (i.e. isochron concordia/discordia etc) exploit the useful fact that radioactive atoms decay in accordance with a highly regular function: 50% of any given kind of radioactive atoms will decay in X amount of time, where the value of 'X' depends on exactly which kind of atoms you're measuring the decay of. Contents The Decays Dating the Rocks Creationist claims about radiometric dating List of Claims The Decays The most common radioactive decays used for this purpose are listed in the following table.

12. Radiometric Dating - Conservapedia Radiometric dating is a method of determining the age of an artifact by assuming that decay rates have been constant (see below for the flaws in that assumption) and measuring http://www.conservapedia.com/Radiometric_dating

Radiometric dating From Conservapedia Jump to: navigation search Radiometric dating is a method of determining the age of an artifact by assuming that decay rates have been constant (see below for the flaws in that assumption) and measuring the amount of radioactive decay that has occurred. Radiocarbon dating Because radiometric dating fails to satisfy standards of testability and falsifiability , claims based on radiometric dating may fail to qualify under the Daubert standard for court-admissible scientific evidence. Contents Principles Key assumptions Initial quantities Rate of decay ... Notes and references Principles No method exists for measuring time , except by measuring it as it is passing. Therefore, the age of an artifact must be calculated The basic principle in any dating method is to find a process that is occurring at a measurable rate and which is causing a change, measure the rate of that process, work out what state the artifact was in at the beginning of the process, observe what state it is in now, and to calculate how long the process at the measured rate would need to occur to effect that change. For example, to work out how long a

13. How Old Is The Earth: Radiometric Dating G. Brent Dalrymple's classic debunking of the youngearth 'scientific' creationism's dating methods with a short explanation of how geologists know the age of the earth http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dalrymple/radiometric_dating.html

How Old is the Earth by G. Brent Dalrymple Previous Introduction Next RADIOMETRIC DATING he question of the ages of the Earth and its rock formations and features has fascinated philosophers, theologians, and scientists for centuries, primarily because the answers put our lives in temporal perspective. Until the 18th century, this question was principally in the hands of theologians, who based their calculations on biblical chronology. Bishop James Ussher, a 17th-century Irish cleric, for example, calculated that creation occurred in 4004 B.C. There were many other such estimates, but they invariably resulted in an Earth only a few thousand years old. No technique, of course, is ever completely perfected and refinement continues to this day, but for more than two decades radiometric dating methods have been used to measure reliably the ages of rocks, the Earth, meteorites, and, since 1969, the Moon. Radiometric dating is based on the decay of long-lived radioactive isotopes that occur naturally in rocks and minerals. These parent isotopes decay to stable daughter isotopes at rates that can be measured experimentally and are effectively constant over time regardless of physical or chemical conditions. There are a number of long-lived radioactive isotopes used in radiometric dating, and a variety of ways they are used to determine the ages of rocks, minerals, and organic materials. Some of the isotopic parents, end-product daughters, and half-lives involved are listed in Table 1 . Sometimes these decay schemes are used individually to determine an age (e.g., Rb-Sr) and sometimes in combinations (e.g., U-Th-Pb). Each of the various decay schemes and dating methods has unique characteristics that make it applicable to particular geologic situations. For example, a method based on a parent isotope with a very long half-life, such as

14. Get Answers - Answers In Genesis Answers to questions about radiometric dating from a creationist point of view. http://www.answersingenesis.org/get-answers/topic/radiometric-dating

15. Geologic Time: Radiometric Time Scale Discusses the uses of limitations of different radiometric dating techniques. http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/radiometric.html

RADIOMETRIC TIME SCALE The discovery of the natural radioactive decay of uranium in 1896 by Henry Becquerel, the French physicist, opened new vistas in science. In 1905, the British physicist Lord Rutherfordafter defining the structure of the atom made the first clear suggestion for using radioactivity as a tool for measuring geologic time directly; shortly thereafter, in 1907, Professor B. B. Boltwood, radiochemist of Yale Uniyersity, published a list of geologic ages based on radioactivity. Although Boltwood's ages have since been revised, they did show correctly that the duration of geologic time would be measured in terms of hundreds-to-thousands of millions of years. A technician of the U.S. Geological Survey uses a mass spectrometer to determine the proportions of neodymium isotopes contained in a sample of igneous rock. The next 40 years was a period of expanding research on the nature and behavior of atoms, leading to the development of nuclear fission and fusion as energy sources. A byproduct of this atomic research has been the development and continuing refinement of the various methods and techniques used to measure the age of Earth materials. Precise dating has been accomplished since 1950. A chemical element consists of atoms with a specific number of protons in their nuclei but different atomic weights owing to variations in the number of neutrons. Atoms of the same element with differing atomic weights are called isotopes. Radioactive decay is a spontaneous process in which an isotope (the parent) loses particles from its nucleus to form an isotope of a new element (the daughter). The rate of decay is conveniently expressed in terms of an isotope's half-life, or the time it takes for one-half of a particular radioactive isotope in a sample to decay. Most radioactive isotopes have rapid rates of decay (that is, short half-lives) and lose their radioactivity within a few days or years. Some isotopes, however, decay slowly, and several of these are used as geologic clocks. The parent isotopes and corresponding daughter products most commonly used to determine the ages of ancient rocks are listed below:

16. Radiometric Dating And The Geological Time Scale This document discusses the way radiometric dating and stratigraphic principles are used to establish the conventional geological time scale. http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/dating.html

Radiometric Dating and the Geological Time Scale Circular Reasoning or Reliable Tools? by Andrew MacRae [Text last updated: October 2, 1998] [Links updated: September 12, 2004] Other Links: A Radiometric Dating Resource List Tim Thompson has collected a large set of links to web pages that discuss radiometric dating techniques and the age of the earth controversy. Overview Introduction Background Biostratigraphy Radiometric dating: Calibrating the time scale ... Acknowledgements Introduction his document discusses the way radiometric dating and stratigraphic principles are used to establish the conventional geological time scale. It is not about the theory behind radiometric dating methods, it is about their application , and it therefore assumes the reader has some familiarity with the technique already (refer to "Other Sources" for more information).  As an example of how they are used, radiometric dates from geologically simple, fossiliferous Cretaceous rocks in western North America are compared to the geological time scale. To get to that point, there is also a historical discussion and description of non-radiometric dating methods. The example used here contrasts sharply with the way conventional scientific dating methods are characterized by some critics (for example, refer to discussion in "

17. A Radiometric Dating Resource List This site has many links which are direct responses to specific creationist arguments on radiometric dating and the age of the earth. http://www.tim-thompson.com/radiometric.html

A Radiometric Dating Resource List The real heart of the age-of-the-earth debate (if "debate" is the right word) is always radiometric dating. There are lots of ways to guesstimate ages, and geologists knew the earth was old a long time ago (and I might add that they were mostly Christian creationist geologists). But they didn't know how old . Radiometric dating actually allows the measurement of absolute ages, and so it is deadly to the argument that the earth cannot be more than 10,000 years old. Radiometric methods measure the time elapsed since the particular radiometric clock was reset. Radiocarbon dating, which is probably best known in the general public, works only on things that were once alive and are now dead. It measures the time elapsed since death, but is limited in scale to no more than about 50,000 years ago. Other methods, such as Uranium/Lead, Potassium/Argon, Argon/Argon and others, are able to measure much longer time periods, and are not restricted to things that were once alive. Generally applied to igneous rocks (those of volcanic origin), they measure the time since the molten rock solidified. If that happens to be longer than 10,000 years, then the idea of a young-Earth is called into question. If that happens to be billions of years, then the young-Earth is in big trouble. Priscoan (4.00-4.03 Ga) orthogneisses from northwestern Canada

18. The Radiometric Dating Game A set of links to articles on radiometric dating, especially those which state that it is inaccurate. http://www.cs.unc.edu/~plaisted/ce/dating.html

The Radiometric Dating Game How radiometric dating works in general Why methods in general are inaccurate Why K-Ar dating is inaccurate The branching ratio problem ... Reliability of creationist sources (Some updates to this article are now available. The sections on the branching ratio and dating meteorites need updating.) However, this causes a problem for those who believe based on the Bible that life has only existed on the earth for a few thousand years, since fossils are found in rocks that are dated to be over 500 million years old by radiometric methods, and some fossils are found in rocks that are dated to be billions of years old. If these dates are correct, this calls the Biblical account of a recent creation of life into question. After study and discussion of this question, I now believe that the claimed accuracy of radiometric dating methods is a result of a great misunderstanding of the data, and that the various methods hardly ever agree with each other, and often do not agree with the assumed ages of the rocks in which they are found. I believe that there is a great need for this information to be made known, so I am making this article available in the hopes that it will enlighten others who are considering these questions. Even the creationist accounts that I have read do not adequately treat these issues. At the start, let me clarify that my main concern is not the age of the earth, the moon, or the solar system, but rather the age of life, that is, how long has life existed on earth. Many dating methods seem to give about the same ages on meteorites. Thus radiometric dating methods appear to give evidence that the earth and meteorites are old, if one accepts the fact that decay rates have been constant. However, there may be other explanations for this apparent age. Perhaps the earth was made from older pre-existing matter, or perhaps decay rates were briefly faster for some reason. When one considers the power of God, one sees that any such conclusions are to some extent tentative. For some evidence for a young universe, see

19. Radiometric Dating A response by a scientist with a Christian point of view to the young earth criticism of radiometric dating. http://asa3.org/ASA/resources/Wiens.html

Science in Christian Perspective Radiometric Dating A Christian Perspective Dr. Roger C. Wiens 941 Estates Drive, Los Alamos, NM 87544 RCWiens@MSN.Com [A PDF version of this document is also available.] First edition 1994; revised version 2002. Radiometric datingthe process of determining the age of rocks from the decay of their radioactive elementshas been in widespread use for over half a century. There are over forty such techniques, each using a different radioactive element or a different way of measuring them. It has become increasingly clear that these radiometric dating techniques agree with each other and as a whole, present a coherent picture in which the Earth was created a very long time ago. Further evidence comes from the complete agreement between radiometric dates and other dating methods such as counting tree rings or glacier ice core layers. Many Christians have been led to distrust radiometric dating and are completely unaware of the great number of laboratory measurements that have shown these methods to be consistent. Many are also unaware that Bible-believing Christians are among those actively involved in radiometric dating. This paper describes in relatively simple terms how a number of the dating techniques work, how accurately the half-lives of the radioactive elements and the rock dates themselves are known, and how dates are checked with one another. In the process the paper refutes a number of misconceptions prevalent among Christians today. This paper is available on the web via the American Scientific Affiliation and related sites to promote greater understanding and wisdom on this issue, particularly within the Christian community.

20. Radiometric Dating: Definition From Answers.com A dating method that utilizes the radioactive decay of certain longlived, naturally occurring parent isotopes to stable daughter isotopes. ( nucleonics ) A technique for http://www.answers.com/topic/radiometric-dating

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