61. Unsolved Problems Several people have asked me about unsolved problems. I will take the easy way out see the list of 50 problems in Bondy and Murty. You can now see the list as it originally http://math.fau.edu/locke/Unsolved.htm

Unsolved Problems How to contact me Several people have asked me about unsolved problems. I will take the easy way out: see the list of 50 problems in Bondy and Murty . You can now see the list as it originally appeard in the the text, Graph Theory with Applications December 2007 : I have now received a copy of the new text, GTM 244. and the authors revisit these unsolved problems in Appendix A, and have increased the number of unsolved problems to 100. Some of these problems have been solved (and thus the title is slightly incorrect) and I won't claim to be familiar with all current results. If you find that one of them has been solved (or even that some reasonable progress has been made), please e-mail me. ( How to contact me .) If I receive comments on these new problems, I will of course post those that seem suitable (and, at that point, I would presumably post the problem to which the comment refers). Note, however, the publisher does have a site for the text, http://blogs.springer.com/bondyandmurty/ , and it would seem reasonable that one should post comments there. Also, I'm not giving you all of the references in

62. The Mechanism That Makes Fundamental Mass Page devoted to the symmetry breaking, the mechanism that makes all mass. http://www.jupiterscientific.org/sciinfo/fundmass.html

The Mechanism That Makes Fundamental Mass In Particle Physics, the Greatest Unsolved Problem Is the Mechanism That Makes All Mass. E verything in the world has mass, and since everything is made up of atoms of electrons, protons and neutrons, the mass of everything is due to the mass of these subatomic particles. A proton weighs about 2000 times the weight of an electron. A neutron is slightly heavier than a proton. What Is the Standard Model? During the last part of the 20th century, physicists have constructed a theory of subatomic particles and their interactions known as the Standard Model of particle physics. Three forces operate in this microscopic world: electromagnetism, which encompasses the electric and magnetic forces; the strong nuclear force, which holds the protons and neutrons together in the nucleus, or heavy central core of an atom; and the weak subnuclear force, which causes some nuclei to decay in radioactive processes and helps to generate energy at the center of the Sun. The weak subnuclear force and electromagnetism have been unified into a single structure known as the electroweak theory. One of the great principles of particle physics is that all forces are created through the exchange of a special set of particles called gauge bosons.

63. Are These The Top 11 Unsolved Problems In Economics? Wikipedia has a list of the top 11 unsolved problems in economics. I love the concept, but I am not a fan of the choices, as I explain in Are These The Top 11 Unsolved Problems in http://economics.about.com/b/2008/08/14/are-these-the-top-11-unsolved-problems-i

zWASL=1;zGRH=1 zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zDO=0 Home Education Economics Economics Search Economics Basics Economic Indicators Economic Issues ... Share w(x2+zWl+'?p=1" zT="18/1[N" rel="nofollow">Print') Discuss in our Forum Apply now to guide this site Economics Blog From Mike Moffatt, Former Economics Guide Are These The Top 11 Unsolved Problems in Economics? Thursday August 14, 2008 Wikipedia has a list of the top 11 unsolved problems in economics. I love the concept, but I am not a fan of the choices, as I explain in: Are These The Top 11 Unsolved Problems in Economics? I would love to get your take. Please leave a comment! Comments are closed for this post. See All Posts Share Prev Next Comments August 14, 2008 at 5:13 pm Gabriel says: I always thought that the list in question was not particularly well written, even if you go with a charitable interpretation. dealt with several open questions in a very clear and informative matter. August 15, 2008 at 5:39 am David Chester says: Some of these 11 questions have already been properly answered and consequently are invalid as appearing on the list. However, even if the answers are known, the amount of public knowledge about these answers is minimal and so the question remains as apparently being significant. I think that the most serious question about which more publicity should be given is how in a technological expanding world, does poverty continue to exist? The answer is that there is a lack of opportunity to work caused by the way the land is owned and controlled and no matter how good our machines and computers get, we must also share our natural and man-made resources is a more just way. This can be achieved by taxation of land values, for wich the Henry George web-sites give a more detailed explanation.

64. Open Problems On Perfect Graphs Unsolved problems on perfect graphs. http://www.cs.concordia.ca/~chvatal/perfect/problems.html

PERFECT PROBLEMS Created on 22 August, 2000 Last updated on 5 July, 2006 In May 2002, the Strong Perfect Graph Conjecture became the Strong Perfect Graph Theorem Details are here. As a part of the 1992 1993 Special Year on Combinatorial Optimization at DIMACS ftp://dimacs.rutgers.edu/pub/perfect/problems.tex If you have information on progress towards solving these problems or complaints in case I did not give credit where credit was due or suggestions for problems to add, please, send them to me Related pages: Problems from the AIM Workshop on Perfect Graphs (compiled by Maria Chudnovsky) A bibliography on perfect graphs Home pages of people interested in perfect graphs This collection is written for people with at least a basic knowledge of perfect graphs. Uninformed neophytes may look up the missing definitions on the web in Alexander Schrijver's lecture notes or in Jerry Spinrad's draft of a book on efficient graph representations etc. or in MathWorld . Books on perfect graphs include M. C. Golumbic, Algorithmic graph theory and perfect graphs.

65. Problem -- From Wolfram MathWorld There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Two famous problems which http://mathworld.wolfram.com/Problem.html

Algebra Applied Mathematics Calculus and Analysis Discrete Mathematics ... D'Angelo Problem A problem is an exercise whose solution is desired. Mathematical "problems" may therefore range from simple puzzles to examination and contest problems to propositions whose proofs require insightful analysis. Although not absolutely standard, The Greeks distinguished between "problems" (roughly, the construction of various figures) and " theorems " (establishing the properties of said figures; Heath 1956, pp. 252, 262, and 264). There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Two famous problems which have recently been solved include Fermat's last theorem (by Andrew Wiles) and the Kepler conjecture (by T. C. Hales). Among the most prominent of remaining unsolved problems are the Goldbach conjecture Riemann hypothesis , the conjecture that there are an infinite number of twin primes , as well as many more. K.S. Brown, D. Eppstein, S. Finch, and C. Kimberling maintain extensive pages of unsolved problems in mathematics. SEE ALSO: Axiom Corollary Porism Lemma ... Unsolved Problems REFERENCES: Artino, R. A.; Gaglione, A. M.; and Shell, N.

66. 10 Great Unsolved Problems - Top 10 Lists | Listverse Top 10 Lists In various fields of human study there are problems that have never been solved. Some theories have been put forward, but not one fully satisfies the question. http://listverse.com/2007/10/08/10-great-unsolved-problems/

67. Unsolved Problems Understanding Mathematics by Peter Alfeld, Department of Mathematics, University of Utah Some Simple Unsolved Problems http://www.math.utah.edu/~alfeld/math/conjectures.html

Understanding Mathematics by Peter Alfeld, Department of Mathematics, University of Utah Some Simple Unsolved Problems One of the things that turned me on to math were some simple sounding but unsolved problems that were easy for a high school student to understand. This page lists some of them. Prime Number Problems To understand them you need to understand the concept of a prime number A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that can be divided evenly only by 1 and itself. Thus the first few prime numbers are You can see a longer list of prime numbers if you like. The Goldbach Conjecture. Named after the number theorist Christian Goldbach (1690-1764). The problem: is it possible to write every even number greater than 2 as the sum of two primes? The conjecture says "yes", but nobody knows. You can explore the Goldbach conjecture interactively with the Prime Machine applet.

68. Unsolved Problems Of Science It is only a matter of time before the unsolvable becomes solved. Many scientist of ancient time thought the earth was flat with a huge water fall at the end, thus discouraged http://www.moolf.com/interesting/unsolved-problems-of-science.html

Moolf - The best funny site in the world - www.moolf.com Home Amazing Animals Sport ... Contact Who's Online We have 47 guests online Cool galleries Moolf Friends Leenks Amazing Photography Weird Worm Virtual Fun Zone - Awesome Galleries ... Dailylinked Leenks.com Your daily dosage of links Trickfist.com A Little of Everything News Creative Costumes for Kids: The Entertaining Way to Spend Some Time With the Kids Entertaining and Unusual Family House Built in Tokyo Man Builds Underground Nuclear Bunker 16 Things You Didn't Know About Sleep ... Would You Like to Live in a House Called Auto Residence Most read Creative Photoshop art by Pierre Beteille The Deepest Step Well in the World Tiny Plastic People Awesome Kurt Wenner's Street Illusions ... Unsolved Problems of Science (27 Votes) tweetmeme_url = 'http://www.moolf.com/interesting/unsolved-problems-of-science.html'; tweetmeme_source = 'your twitter name'; tweetmeme_service = ''; tweetmeme_hashtags = ''; shareme_window = 'new'; shareme_bgcolor = '#ffffff'; tweetme_title = 'Unsolved Problems of Science'; Unsolved Problems of Science It is only a matter of time before the unsolvable becomes solved. Many scientist of ancient time thought the earth was flat with a huge water fall at the end, thus discouraged explorers from traveling the sea. Philosophers of the early time could not explain what why a person got sick let alone what the cause of it was. Thay only know of basic home remedies that could aliviate the symptoms and didn’t know why the remedy worked. Today, those problems are of the past and man have solved so many dificult scientific and philosophical concepts that plagued ancient scientists. With the solutions to old problems have brought on more dificult problems in the modern world and some day our children will solve the problems that we face today.

69. Unsolved Problems And Conjectures Regarding equal sums of like powers, compiled by Chen Shuwen. http://euler.free.fr/eslp/unsolve.htm

Equal Sums of Like Powers Unsolved Problems and Conjectures The Prouhet-Tarry-Escott Problem a k + a k + ... + a n k = b k + b k + ... + b n k k n Is it solvable in integers for any n Ideal solutions are known for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ,9, 11 and no other integers so far. How to find new solutions for n = 10 and How to find the general solution for n The general solution is known for ( k = 1 ) ( k = 1, 2 ) ( k = 1, 2, 3 ) only. The complete symmetric solution have been found for ( k = 1, 2, 3, 4 ) How to find a new solution of the type ( k =1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ) How to find non-symmetric ideal solutions of ( k =1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 ) and ( k =1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ) How to find a solution chain of the type ( k = 1, 2, 3, 4 ) a a a a a b b b b b c c c c c ( k = 1, 2, 3, 4 ) Solution chains are known for ( k = 1 ) ( k = 1, 2 ) ( k = 1, 2, 3 ) and ( k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ) so far. Some other open problems are present on Questions by Lander-Parkin-Selfrige (1967) a k + a k + ... + a m k = b k + b k + ... + b n k Is ( k m n ) always solvable when m n k Is it true that ( k m n ) is never solvable when m n k For which k m n such that m n k is ( k m n ) solvable ?

70. TOP TEN UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS TOP TEN UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS. Are all the (measurable) dimensionless parameters that characterize the physical universe calculable in principle or are some merely http://www.oglethorpe.edu/faculty/~m_rulison/top10.htm

TOP TEN UNSOLVED PROBLEMS IN PHYSICS Are all the (measurable) dimensionless parameters that characterize the physical universe calculable in principle or are some merely determined by historical or quantum mechanical accident and uncalculable? How can quantum gravity help explain the origin of the universe? Two of the great theories of modern physics are the standard model, which uses quantum mechanics to describe the subatomic particles and the forces they obey, and general relativity, the theory of gravity. Physicists have long hoped that merging the two into a "theory of everything" quantum gravity would yield a deeper understanding of the universe, including how it spontaneously popped into existence with the Big Bang. The leading candidate for this merger is superstring theory, or M theory, as the latest, souped-up version is called (with the M standing for "magic," "mystery," or "mother of all theories"). What is the lifetime of the proton and how do we understand it?

71. Unsolved Problems: References Unsolved Problems General References The following books contain unsolved problems or are referenced by the unsolved problem of the week. Especially rich are , and . Beiler 1966 http://cage.ugent.be/~hvernaev/problems/references.html

Unsolved Problems General References The following books contain unsolved problems or are referenced by the unsolved problem of the week Especially rich are [Croft 1991] [Guy 1994] and [Klee 1991] [Beiler 1966] Albert H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers: The Queen of Mathematics Entertain. 2nd edition. Dover. New York: 1966. [Bondy 1976] J. A. Bondy and U. S. R. Murty, Graph Theory with Applications. North Holland. New York: 1976. [Boroczky 1987] Intuitive Geometry. North-Holland Publishing Company. New York: 1987. [Croft 1991] Hallard T. Croft, Kenneth J. Falconer, and Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Geometry. Springer-Verlag. New York: 1991. [Dudeney 1970] H. E. Dudeney, Amusements in Mathematics. Dover. New York: 1970. [Dunham 1990] William Dunham, Journey Through Genius: The Great Theorems of Mathematics. John Wiley and Sons. New York: 1990. [Erdos 1980] Old and New Problems and Results in Combinatorial Number Theory. [Gardner 1978] Martin Gardner, Mathematical Magic Show. Vintage Books. New York: 1978. [Gardner 1983] Martin Gardner

72. Favorite Unsolved Problems Alexandre Eremenko (Purdue University). Mainly in analysis. http://www.math.purdue.edu/~eremenko/

Alexandre Eremenko Mathematics Department, Purdue University 150 N. University Street West Lafayette, IN 47907-2067 OFFICE: Math 450 PHONE: (765)494-1975, FAX: (765)494-0548, EMAIL: eremenko@math.purdue.edu Papers and Preprints (available in ps and pdf format), Some unsolved problems Some solved problems Stories and problems about ODE, calculus and history of science. Co-authors Free old and new journals and books on line: DML titles, EMANI EMIS Mathdoc Mathnet.ru ... JMAG after 2005 (Kharkov), Zapiski KhMO Revista XXX arXiv Jahrbuch ... Catalog of online journals (Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany) My books and papers collection: N. Abel Oeuvres completes N. I. Akhiezer, Lectures on approximation theory (Russian, djvu) A. Beurling (1), L. Ehrenpreis (62), Hormander (81), J-P. Kahane (178), P. Malliavin (187) Stanford Summer School P. L. Chebyshev, Complete works, vol. 1 vol. 2 (French, djvu) P. Fatou, Sur les equations fonctionnelles, 1-re memoire: pdf djvu 2-me memoire: pdf djvu 3-me memoire: pdf djvu P. Fatou, Notice sur les travaux scientifiques, 1929 pdf J. Chazy

73. Unsolved Problems In Process/Product Systems Engineering File Format PDF/Adobe Acrobat Quick View http://www.chbmeng.ohio-state.edu/centennial/westerberg.pdf

74. Unsolved Problems In Nanotechnology File Format PDF/Adobe Acrobat Quick View http://www.chbmeng.ohio-state.edu/centennial/tirrell.pdf

75. Hilbert's Problems -- From Wolfram MathWorld Hilbert's problems are a set of (originally) unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Hilbert. Of the 23 total appearing in the printed address, ten were actually presented http://mathworld.wolfram.com/HilbertsProblems.html

Algebra Applied Mathematics Calculus and Analysis Discrete Mathematics ... Interactive Demonstrations Hilbert's Problems Hilbert's problems are a set of (originally) unsolved problems in mathematics proposed by Hilbert. Of the 23 total appearing in the printed address, ten were actually presented at the Second International Congress in Paris on August 8, 1900. In particular, the problems presented by Hilbert were 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 13, 16, 19, 21, and 22 (Derbyshire 2004, p. 377). Furthermore, the final list of 23 problems omitted one additional problem on proof theory (Thiele 2001). Hilbert's problems were designed to serve as examples for the kinds of problems whose solutions would lead to the furthering of disciplines in mathematics. As such, some were areas for investigation and therefore not strictly "problems." 1. "Cantor's problem of the cardinal number of the continuum." The question of if there is a transfinite number between that of a denumerable set and the numbers of the continuum continuum hypothesis to the effect that the answer depends on the particular version of set theory assumed. The question of if the

76. MathPages Wanted List Elementary unsolved problems in mathematics, listed at the MathPages archive. http://mathpages.com/home/mwlist.htm

MathPages Wanted List The twenty-five mathematical problems and questions listed below were first posted on the internet in 1995. Since that time, Problems 5, 7, 8, and 22 have been solved completely, and part of Question 12 has been answered. The other problems remain unsolved. The links in this list point to articles on the MathPages web site containing more background on each problem, and partial or related results. (1) If each "1" in the binary representation of the integer x signifies a point in the corresponding position on a linear lattice, and if x' denotes the binary digit reversal of x, prove or disprove that the equality xx' = yy' implies that x and y have the same multi-set of point-to point distances. Ref: Generating Functions for Point Set Distances Isospectral Point Sets in Higher Dimensions (2) Find an elementary proof that x^2 + y^2 and x^2 + 103y^2 cannot both be squares for non-zero integers x,y. Ref: Concordant Forms (3) Prove (or disprove) that the only solutions of ab = c (mod a+b) ac = b (mod a+c) bc = a (mod b+c) in positive coprime integers are (1,1,1) and (5,7,11). Ref: A Knot of Congruences Limit Cycles of xy (mod x+y) More Results on the Form xy (mod x+y) Permutation Loops ... String Algebra (5) In how many distinct ways can the integers through 15 be arranged in a 4x4 array such that the bitwise OR over each row, column, and diagonal is 15, and the bitwise AND over each row, column, and diagonal is 0? Ref:

77. Unsolved Problems In Biomolecular Engineering File Format PDF/Adobe Acrobat Quick View http://www.chbmeng.ohio-state.edu/centennial/shuler.pdf

78. Dr. Clara Vlaander: Amsterdam, Trauma, Shock, Angst, Depressie, Hyperventilatie, Clinical psychologist, psychotherapist and healer, based in Estepona (near Marbella), Spain, offers individual psychotherapy and healing treatments and workshops for people with a chronic disease, life-threatening illness or for those who feel hooked by seemingly unsolvable problems. http://www.claravlaander.com

var MODX_MEDIA_PATH = "media"; Home Pijn is de roep van een ziel die om expressie vraagt. Mijn naam is Clara Vlaander-van der Giesen. In 1978 ben ik afgestudeerd in de klinische psychologie aan de Vrije Universiteit van Amsterdam. Ook rondde ik een individuele leertherapie van 5 jaar af die ik kreeg van de grondlegger van de Hypno- en Gestalttherapie in Nederland: Drs. Frank Smulders. Vanaf 1976 ontwikkelde ik verschillende therapievormen, en leidde ik onderzoek aan de Vrije Universiteit naar het effect van cognitieve gedragstherapie bij hyperventilatie. Ademhaling, ontspanning en biofeedback vormden belangrijke elementen in de begeleiding. Dit onderzoek mondde uit in een proefschrift over diagnose en behandeling van het Hyperventilatie Syndroom en ik behaalde mijn doctorstitel in de Psychologische- en Medische faculteit in 1986. Tegelijkertijd volgde ik een 4 jarig opleidingstraject ten behoeve van de registratie Klinisch Psycholoog van het Nederlandse Instituut v. Psychologen (N.I.P.). Voor registraties/publicaties zie onder CV.

79. Absolute Today Unsolved Problems Aug 4, 2010 There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Some prominent outstanding unsolved problems (as well as some which are not necessarily so http://www.absolutetoday.com/blogengine/post/2010/08/04/Unsolved-Problems.aspx

80. [gr-qc/0107090] Current Trends In Mathematical Cosmology Technical article which reviews current unsolved problems in mathematical cosmology, including the question of singularities, problems associated with the definition and asymptotic structure of the notion of cosmological solutions, and problems related to the qualification of approximations. By Spiros Cotsakis (University of the Aegean). http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0107090

arXiv.org gr-qc Search or Article-id Help Advanced search All papers Titles Authors Abstracts Full text Help pages Full-text links: Download: PDF PostScript Other formats Current browse context: gr-qc new recent SLAC-SPIRES HEP refers to ... what is this? Bookmark what is this? General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Title: Current Trends in Mathematical Cosmology Authors: Spiros Cotsakis (Submitted on 27 Jul 2001 ( ), last revised 28 Jul 2001 (this version, v2)) Abstract: We present an elementary account of mathematical cosmology through a series of important unsolved problems. We introduce the fundamental notion of `a cosmology' and focus on the issue of singularities as a theme unifying many current, seemingly unrelated trends of this subject. We discuss problems associated with the definition and asymptotic structure of the notion of cosmological solution and also problems related to the qualification of approximations and to the ranges of validity of given cosmologies. Comments: 16 pages, LaTeX. To appear in the Proceedings of the 2nd Hellenic Cosmology Workshop, (Kluwer, 2001) Subjects: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ; Astrophysics (astro-ph); High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) Cite as: arXiv:gr-qc/0107090v2 Submission history From: Spiros Cotsakis [ view email Fri, 27 Jul 2001 17:32:02 GMT (13kb)

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