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Karle Jerome:     more detail

Jerome Karle Solution of the phase problem: 1. The centrosymmetric crystal, by Herbert Hauptman and Jerome Karle (American Crystallographic Association. ACA monograph) by Herbert Aaron Hauptman, 1953 Stereochemical Applications of Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction: A: the Electron Diffraction Technique by Istvan Hargittai, Magdolna Hargittai, 1988-12-31 HAUPTMAN, HERBERT A. (1917- ): An entry from Gale's <i>World of Earth Science</i>

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1. Biography Nobel Prize Winner: Karle, Jerome | Chemdex
   Biography Nobel Prize Winner Karle, Jerome. (US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA). Awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1985 with Jerome Karl for their  
   http://www.chemdex.org/chemistry_link/biography_nobel_prize_winner_karle_jerome
   
   Extractions: Search this site: There are currently users and guests online. Home Biography Nobel Prize Winner: Karle, Jerome. (US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA). Awarded the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1985 with Jerome Karl for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures Website address: Biography Nobel Prize Winner: Karle, Jerome Tags: More options Click a term to initiate a search. © 1993-2010 Mark Winter Chemdex.org is located at the Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, England

2. Jerome Karle, Crystallographer
   Born 18 June1918, New York City, NY. Education City College on New York; Harvard University and Michigan University. Since 1946 Jerome Karle's career has been with the Naval Research  
   http://www.todayinsci.com/K/Karle_Jerome/Karle_Jerome.htm
   
   Extractions: (credit) Born: 18 June1918, New York City, NY Education: City College on New York; Harvard University and Michigan University Since 1946 Jerome Karle's career has been with the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, D.C., after a brief stint in Chicago with the early 1940's Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. By 1968 he was the NRL's chief scientist for the Laboratory for the Structure of Matter. To further his work to study the fine structure of crystalline materials he wanted to improve on the time-consuming "heavy atom" method whereby first, an atom of high atomic mass was substituted in the crystal lattice of the sample to be examined. The differences in the diffraction patterns of the original and modified samples are then compared to deduce the structure of the crystal. His search for an easier way to make these measurements led to developing the "direct method" of X-ray diffraction with Herbert A. Hauptman. Using this new diffraction technique, information could be interpreted in a simple manner directly from the image pattern produced. (credit) X-rays are used because they have very small wavelength, less than the separation of the atoms in a crystal.The crystal contains a unit of atoms, which is repeated throughout the whole crystal in all directions. When a beam of X-rays is aimed at crystal, it deflects the x-rays in certain definite directions so that the radiation can be seen as spots of different intensity such as in a photographic film. To determine the structure the "phase" of each ray that is deflected must also be known. This determination can be carried out by using the "direct method".

3. Karle Jerome - Science Wiki
   Κίνδυνοι Χρήσης; των Εξωτερικών Συνδέσμων Οι διάφοροι Εξωτερικοί Σύνδεσμοι (Links) (όχι μόνον, της  
   http://el.science.wikia.com/wiki/Karle_Jerome

4. Biographies Of Jerome Karle
   Biographies of Karle Jerome and more Karle Jerome biography.  
   http://www.biography-center.com/biographies/1678-Karle_Jerome.html
   
   Extractions: Suggest another Link for this biography Biographies beginning with Biographes by Category Most popular biographies ... Add details to this biogaphy Biography-Center.com is a directory of other biographies on the web. We allow comments on the links we supply, as well as an opportunity for you to rate these bio's. When you suggest a biography, you have the option of using our web based editor to enter a biography of your own. We receive numerous requests every day to add links Needless to say, most of the links have nothing to do with biographies and are generally discarded. If we miss your suggestion, please feel free to submit your biographies again for review. We also get a lot of requests for posting links on biography center. People are willing to pay a decent price for this however, we do not participate in this sort of activity. Please don�t ask.

5. Karle, Jerome - Hutchinson Encyclopedia Article About Karle, Jerome
   US chemist who, with colleague Herbert Hauptman, tested the range of available diffraction techniques, such as Xray diffraction and the ‘heavy atom’ technique.  
   http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Karle, Jerome

6. Biography-center - Letter K
   • Kapp Ernst • Kapteyn Jacobus Cornelius • Karcher John Clarence • Kareena Kapoor • Karelin Aleksandr • Karhum ki Urho • Karimo Aarno • Karle Isabella Lugoski • Karle Jerome  
   http://www.biography-center.com/k.html

7. Karle, Jerome Definition Of Karle, Jerome In The Free Online Encyclopedia.
   Karle, Jerome (k rl), 1918–, American physicist, b. New York City, Ph.D. Univ. of Michigan, 1943. He worked on the Manhattan Project Manhattan Project, the wartime effort to design  
   http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Karle, Jerome

8. Klíma Ivan - Quarton Enguerrand - Hawalli - Karle Jerome - Galápagos
   Jerome Example Usage lil_bitOhoneyy Lmaoooo RT @VisaDeLaSongz who just name there dog Jerome..lls only my Vee Bax justinjtsang Bootin' up Electric Kitchen 3, Jerome Valencia's  
   http://www.asinus.pl/index.php?f=70067

9. Jerome Karle — Infoplease.com
   More on Jerome Karle from Infoplease Herbert Aaron Hauptman Hauptman, Herbert Aaron Hauptman, Herbert Aaron , 1917–, American chemist, b. New York City,  
   http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0827106.html

10. Paki.Ws Pakistani Music Articles Infos Jerome Karle
    Name Karle, Jerome Alternative names Short description Date of birth June 18, 1918 Place of birth New York City Date of death Place of death  
    http://music.paki.ws/Articles-Info_Result.php?title=Jerome_Karle

11. Karle Jerome
    Jerome Karle B iography Nobel Prize Winner (1985) Jerome Karle (born June 18, 1918) is an American physical chemist. He was born in New York City and attended Abraham Lincoln  
    http://www.thebestedu.com/bookmarks/chem/karle-jerome.htm
    
    Extractions: Jerome Karle is the current President and 2nd President of the World Innovation Foundation (The WIF) consisting of around 3,000 Honorary Members and Fellows including 79 Nobel Laureates from Peace, Science and Economics. The WIF's founding President was the late Nobel Laureate Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg (Element 106 Seaborgium).

12. Isabella Karle: Facts, Discussion Forum, And Encyclopedia Article
    Isabella Lugoski Karle (born December 2, 1921) has made a number of major contributions to the development of xray crystallography  
    http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Isabella_Karle
    
    Extractions: Home Discussion Topics Dictionary ... Login Isabella Karle Discussion Ask a question about ' Isabella Karle Start a new discussion about ' Isabella Karle Answer questions from other users Full Discussion Forum Encyclopedia Isabella Lugoski Karle (born December 2, 1921) has made a number of major contributions to the development of x-ray crystallography X-ray crystallography X-ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and diffracts into many specific directions. From the angles and intensities of these diffracted beams, a crystallographer can produce a three-dimensional picture... . In 1969 she established the structure of venom Venom Venom is any of a variety of toxins used by certain types of animals. Generally, venom is injected by such means as a bite or a sting. Poisons, by contrast, are eaten, inhaled, etc., by the victim.-Diversity:-Arthropods and other invertebrates:... extracted from South American frogs. This was followed in 1975 with the structure of valinomycin Valinomycin Valinomycin is a dodecadepsipeptide, that is, it is made of twelve alternating amino acids and esters to form a macrocyclic molecule.Valinomycin is obtained from the cells of several Streptomyces strains, one of them "S. tsusimaensis"....

13. Karle, Jerome
    Karle, Jerome (b. June 18, 1918, New York, N.Y., U.S.), American crystallographer who, along with Herbert A. Hauptman, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985 for their  
    http://www.uv.es/EBRIT/micro/micro_314_9.html
    
    Extractions: Britannica CD Index Articles Dictionary Help (b. June 18, 1918, New York, N.Y., U.S.), American crystallographer who, along with Herbert A. Hauptman , was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1985 for their development of mathematical methods for deducing the molecular structure of chemical compounds from the patterns formed when X rays are diffracted by their crystals. Karle was a classmate of Hauptman's at City College in New York, from which they both graduated in 1937. Karle went on to earn his Ph.D. degree in physical chemistry at the University of Michigan in 1943. After working on the Manhattan Project in 1943-44, he joined the Naval Research Laboratory in 1944, becoming in 1967 its chief scientist for research on the structure of matter. After World War II Karle and Hauptman began collaborating at the Naval Research Laboratory on the study of crystal structures. The two men devised mathematical equations to describe the arrangements of numerous spots that appear on photographic film as a result of a crystal's diffraction of X rays. Their equations enabled the location of atoms within the crystal's molecules to be pinpointed based upon an analysis of the intensity of the spots. Their method was neglected for some years after its publication in 1949, but the efforts of Karle's chemist wife, Isabella, to point out its potential applications gradually induced crystallographers to begin using the method to determine the three-dimensional structure of thousands of small biological molecules, including those of many hormones, vitamins, and antibiotics. Before Karle and Hauptman developed their method, it took two years to deduce the structure of a simple biological molecule; in the 1980s, using powerful computers to perform the complex calculations demanded by their method, the task took about two days.

14. Knowles William
    Karle Jerome. Karrer Paul. Kendrew Sir John Cowdery. Klug Sir Aaron. Knowles William. Kohn Walter. Kroto Sir Harold. Kuhn Richard. Langmuir Irving. Lee Yuan. Lehn JeanMarie  
    http://www.thebestedu.com/bookmarks/chem/knowles-william.htm

15. Karle, Jerome --� Kids Encyclopedia | Online Encyclopedia | Kids Online Dictiona
    Karle, Jerome (born 1918), U.S. chemist and crystallographer, born in New York City; worked on Manhattan Project for development of atomic bomb 194344; joined U.S. Naval Research  
    http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-9327977/Karle-Jerome

16. Jerome Karle - Significado De Jerome Karle Diccionario
    Karle, Jerome Jerome Karle Brown, Michael Stuart Michael Stuart Brown; Goldstein, Joseph L. Joseph L. Goldstein Simon, Claude Claude Simon International Physicians for the Prevention of  
    http://es.thefreedictionary.com/Jerome Karle

17. Karle, Jerome | Definition Of Karle, Jerome | HighBeam.com: Online Dictionary
    Find out what Karle, Jerome means A Dictionary of Scientists has the definition of Karle, Jerome. Research related newspaper, magazine, and journal articles at HighBeam.com  
    http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1O84-KarleJerome.html

18. Karle Jerome
    Jerome Karle is an American chemist, crystallographer and Nobel laureate.  
    http://www.cynicy.site90.com/?cyn=Jerome_Karle

19. Jerome Karle - Autobiography
    Nobelprize.org, The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize  
    http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1985/karle-autobio.html
    
    Extractions: Home FAQ Press Contact Us ... Nobel Prize in Chemistry Jerome Karle - Autobiography Sort and list Nobel Prizes and Nobel Laureates Create a List All Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize Awarded Organizations Women Nobel Laureates Nobel Laureates and Universities Prize category: Physics Chemistry Medicine Literature Peace Economics I was born in New York City in 1918 into a family that had a number of artistic people among its members. My father's brother and a sister's husband were probably the best known. The latter, Ivan Olinsky, taught for many years at the Art Students' League in New York City. I have been told that my paternal grandfather professionally made artistic decorations in peoples' homes. The propensity for artistic endeavors extended to my generation and beyond. My mother was an excellent pianist and organist and it was one of her hopes that I would become a professional pianist. As a youth I was entered into "Music Week" competitions in New York City. I had some modest success, but found at an early age that I had no taste for public performance. On the other hand, I was strongly attracted to science as a lifelong career at an early age.

20. AccessScience | Biography | Karle, Jerome
    About AccessScience. AccessScience is a subscriptionbased website that features continually updated scientific and  
    http://www.accessscience.com/content.aspx?id=M0048108

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