41. Brown Cloud | Define Brown Cloud At Dictionary.com Main Entry brown cloud Part of Speech n Definition a thick large and persistent mass of water vapor and air pollution forming in the atmosphere; an instance of such clouds http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/brown cloud?qsrc=2446

42. Asian Brown Cloud - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia The Asian brown cloud is a layer of air pollution that covers parts of South Asia, namely the northern Indian Ocean, India, and Pakistan Viewed from satellite photos, the cloud http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_brown_haze

Asian brown cloud From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia   (Redirected from Asian brown haze Jump to: navigation search The Asian brown cloud is a layer of air pollution that covers parts of South Asia , namely the northern Indian Ocean India , and Pakistan Viewed from satellite photos , the cloud appears as a giant brown stain hanging in the air over much of South Asia and the Indian Ocean every year between January and March, possibly also during earlier and later months. The term was coined in reports from the UNEP Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). Contents Causes Observations Impacts See also ... edit Causes In some humidity conditions, it forms haze . It is created by a range of airborne particles and pollutants from combustion (e.g. woodfires, cars, and factories), biomass burning and industrial processes with incomplete burning. The cloud is associated with the winter monsoon (November/December to April) during which there is no rain to wash pollutants from the air. edit Observations This pollution layer was observed during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) intensive field observation in 1999 and described in the UNEP impact assessment study published 2002. Scientists in India claimed that the Asian Brown cloud is not something specific to Asia.

43. Asian Brown Cloud - Impact Study Major Environmental Issues in Asia and the Pacific Impact Study The Atmospheric Brown Cloud Climate and other Environmental Impacts http://www.rrcap.unep.org/issues/air/impactstudy/index.cfm

44. Study Pinpoints Main Source Of Asia's Brown Cloud - The New York Times Feb 05, 2009 Study pinpoints main source of Asia's brown cloud By Henry Fountain Published Thursday, February 5, 2009 http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/25/world/asia/25iht-brown.1.19648250.html

45. The Asian Brown Cloud Earth Day Network 1616 P Street NW, Suite 340 y Washington, DC 20036 (P) 202518-0044 y (F) 202-518-8794 www.earthday.net/education y education@earthday.net 1 The Asian Brown Cloud By http://www.earthday.net/ednnoidle/Asian_brown_cloud_Lesson_Plan.pdf

46. Science Netlinks: Science Updates Send us feedback . Asian Brown Cloud. Introduction. In developing areas of the world, including parts of Asia, rapid industrialization has brought about more cars, more factories, and http://www.sciencenetlinks.com/sci_update.php?DocID=82

47. 'Brown Cloud' Stifles South Asia - CBS News Aug 12, 2002 Scientists Warn That Blanket Of Pollution Threatens Millions LONDON, August 12, 2002 'Brown Cloud' Stifles South Asia Scientists Warn That Blanket Of Pollution Threatens http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/08/12/health/main518323.shtml

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48. Atmospheric Brown Cloud Atmospheric Brown Cloud. The Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) carried out in February 1999 in the islands of the Maldives revealed a 3 kmthick toxic umbrella, or ‘Brown Cloud http://www.icimod.org/?page=152

49. Deadly ‘brown Cloud’ Over South Asia Caused By Wood And Dung Burning Long a subject of debate, the cause of the infamous brown cloud that hovers over the Indian Ocean and South Asia every winter has finally been discovered. Researchers led by Dr http://news.mongabay.com/2009/0123-hance_browncloud.html

About Contact Mongabay on Facebook Mongabay on Twitter ... Jobs SHARE: Tweet print Deadly ‘brown cloud’ over South Asia caused by wood and dung burning Jeremy Hance mongabay.com January 23, 2009 Long a subject of debate, the cause of the infamous brown cloud that hovers over the Indian Ocean and South Asia every winter has finally been discovered. Researchers led by Dr Orjan Gustafsson from the University of Stockholm in Sweden announced in Science that 70 percent of the cloud is made up of soot from the burning of biomasses, largely wood and animal dung used for cooking. At the Maldives Climate Observatory and the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology researchers studied aerosols, tiny particles from pollution which make up the cloud. The particles showed that past studies estimating 50-90 percent of the brown cloud was from fossil fuels had underestimated the relationship between the brown clouds and the burning of biomasses by much of Asia’s poor. Black carbon, another name for particles commingly produced by biomass burning, has been shown to have a warming affect of three to four times more than carbon. The discovery so much black carbon in the brown cloud, emphasizes the need to look beyond fossil fuels to capture the whole picture of anthropogenic climate change. Sunset at the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology with brown haze obscuring the sun. Image © AAAS/

50. USATODAY.com - Decade After 'brown Cloud,' Denver's Air Clears Decade after 'brown cloud,' Denver's air clears DENVER (AP) — Ten years ago, air pollution used to hang over Denver like a layer of tar paper, sometimes obscuring the foothills http://www.usatoday.com/weather/news/2002/2002-08-10-denver-smog.htm

Home News Money Sports ... Weather Main Categories Weather briefs Cold science Weather basics Hurricanes ... Almanac More Weather The week ahead Weather extremes Weather safety Travel forecasts ... Click here to get the Daily Briefing in your inbox 08/10/2002 - Updated 10:34 PM ET Decade after 'brown cloud,' Denver's air clears Related story Trough-like San Joaquin Valley suffering in smog On Friday, the metropolitan area became the first in the nation to get a clean bill of health from the Environmental Protection Agency after previously violating five of the six federal air quality standards. Denver never violated sulfur dioxide standards. Officials cheered the progress that has been made against Denver's "brown cloud." "What once seemed a mile-high task is now reality," EPA administrator Christie Whitman said. "Years after invoking tough policies and programs to dramatically improve its air quality, the Denver metro area now stands as a model for other large cities fighting their own battles against air pollution." With Gov. Bill Owens looking on, Whitman approved the final paperwork that will return the metro area to full compliance with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. She said only Los Angeles still has problems as serious as those that once faced Denver.

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